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K6-2, 2+, III+ Resources

A friend who has a vast knowledge about the more technical aspects of computing, helped me with getting write allocation and write combining working on the AMD K6-2 processors. You can check out his website here. 

​
What we found was that some of these tools below, only worked with the regular K6-2, and possibly the K6-III, but not with the mobile CPUs, the K6-2+ and K6-III+. This was quite confusing at first and I tried various motherboards and other components.

After enabling Write Combining I saw a significant boost in DOS VESA games, such as Quake, Duke Nukem 3D or PC Player Benchmark at 640 x 480 resolutions. Performance of DOS 320 x 200 games didn't improve and Windows 3D games such as GLQuake, Incoming or 3DMark2000 saw a measurable, but small, performance improvement.

With the K6-2, and possibly K6-III, under DOS you can use MXK6OPT or SETK6V3. The first is easier to use, the latter has more options to configure. Under Windows you can use CTU, this is a very powerful tool with some other tweaks.

With the K6-2+ and K6-III+ only MXK6OPT worked for me under DOS.
Here are a collection of K6-2 utilities and tools that can be a bit hard to find.
Picture
Tweaking Write Combining and other aspects of the AMD K6-2 with CTU (Central Tweaking Unit)
Picture
Enabling Write Combining under DOS with the SETK6 utility. This is on an AMD K6-2 400 CPU.
setmul12.zip
File Size: 89 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

SetMul v1.2 - Multiplier control for VIA C3, AMD K6 Mobile and Cyrix 5x86
G. Broers 2014, 2015 - Free for non-profit use.

DESCRIPTION
-----------
The main purpose of this program is to quickly change the multiplier of VIA C3
and AMD K6 Mobile x86 processors in MS-DOS and Windows 9X. It will display the
multiplier and resulting speed. In addition it can enable and disable processor
L1 and L2 cache.


BACKGROUND
----------
Many DOS game and programs have issues with a CPU speed higher then expected,
while other software benefits from increased CPU speed. Having a means to
adjust the processor speed is important for making a system suitable for a
broad range of vintage software.
Originally a classic Pentium processor multiplier was set through jumpers,
without any means to adjust this through software. Around 2000 came a line of
'mobile' processors specifically aimed for laptops, which had a new feature to
preserve battery life when idle:
-Intel called this feature (Enhanced) SpeedStep.
-AMD   called this feature PowerNow!
-VIA/Centaur called this feature Longhaul, but later renamed it to PowerSaver.
In all cases it is about temporarily decreasing the processor multiplier by
software. The resulting net processor speed is the Front Side Bus speed times
the selected multiplier. For example: 66 MHz FSB times 5.5 = 366 MHz.


MULTIPLIER OPTIONS
------------------
This table shows the available options for each supported processor:
VIA C3 Samuel 1:         3.0x to  8.0x, 11 choices
VIA C3 Samuel 2 step 0:  3.0x to  8.0x, 11 choices
VIA C3 Samuel 2 step 1+: 3.0x to 12.0x, 16 choices
VIA C3 Ezra:             3.0x to 12.0x, 16 choices
VIA C3 Ezra-T:           3.0x to 16.0x, 27 choices
VIA C3 Nehemiah:         4.0x to 16.0x, 25 choices
AMD K6-2+ / K6-III+:     2.0x to  6.0x,  8 choices  (2.5x is excluded)
Cyrix 5x86               1.0x to jumpered multiplier (being 2, 3 or 4), 2 choices
A VIA C3 may, or may not work reliably at a total core speed below 250MHz.


BUILD-IN CACHE OPTIONS
----------------------
Disabling L1 Cache makes a processor very slow, at least half the processing
speed is cut. Disabling L2 Cache also slows the net speed, but has far less
impact.
SetMul allows disabling the L1 cache on any x86 processor from the 486 onwards.
SetMul allows disabling the L2 cache on the K6 Mobile and VIA C3. Note that
the C3 Samuel 1 has no L2 cache.
Contrary to many other cache disabling tools it still works when EMM386 or
Windows 9X are loaded.


PARAMETERS
----------
/?            - default help screen.
[Multiplier]  - as a single digit like '5', or '5.0', or halves like '5.5'.
L1D           - L1 Cache Disable.
L1E           - L1 Cache Enable.
L2D           - L2 Cache Disable.
L2E           - L2 Cache Enable.
ICD           - L1 I-Cache Disable, on VIA C3. (I-Cache is half the total L1)
ICE           - L1 I-Cache Enable,  on VIA C3. (I-Cache is half the total L1)
BPD           - Branch Prediction Disable, on VIA C3.
BPE           - Branch Prediction Enable,  on VIA C3.

Multiple commands can be passed at once.

Running SetMul on a K6 mobile / VIA C3 without parameters gives the current
speed. It will also give the multiplier range and parameters that apply.

Also supported are 4 or 5 wide raw bit patterns: like '1010b' or '01010b'. But
these values are not checked for support, and allow for faulty register input!


OPERATING SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY
------------------------------
-Compatible with MS-DOS, both with and without EMM386 loaded.
-Compatible with Windows 95, 98 and ME.
-SetMul requires CWSDPMI.exe or a compatible DPMI host.
-SetMul sets up a Ring0 exploit to get privileged access to the CPU registers.
-Windows NT/2K/XP/Vista/7/8 or later cannot be fooled,
 these systems are not supported.


DISCLAIMER
----------
Use SetMul at your own risk! The author takes no responsibility for loss
of data or damage to hardware through the use of this software.
This program is for vintage hardware hobby use only. It has not been
sufficiently tested to be used while simultaneously working on important data.


ALTERNATIVES
------------
C3Mul for DOS, all functionality retained in SetMul. Relies on CWSDPR0.exe.
WCPUID for Windows       (works with Samuel 1, does not work with Ezra-T)
CrystalCPUID for Windows (Does not work with Samuel 1, works with Ezra-T)
K6DOS config.sys Driver for DOS, and K6Speed for windows.
AMD K6 Central Tweaking Unit (CTU), for Windows.
http://falcosoft.hu/ has DOS-based multiplier tools for AMD Athlon etc.

k6dos.sys.zip
File Size: 2 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​Program name: K6DOS.SYS
Purpose: Initialize k6+ CPUs
Program version: 1.0

k6dos.sys is a DOS driver program that initializes k6+ CPUs prior to the 
loading of a memory manager.  The primary objective of the program is to
initialize the k6+ (k6-2+ and k6-3+) CPUs to operate at peak settings 
(multiplier, write combining modes and write allocation) as early as possible 
in the boot process. Upon completing the process of initializing the CPU, 
k6dos.sys unloads itself from memory and returns any used memory to DOS.

Following are the command line switches that are recognized and a brief
description of each.  (Note- prefix each switch with a "-" or "/" in the device=k6dos.sys 
line in config.sys):
------------
-2.0  2.0x multiplier
-3.0  3.0x multiplier
-3.5  3.5x multiplier
-4.0  4.0x multiplier
-4.5  4.5x multiplier
-5.0  5.0x multiplier
-5.5  5.5x multiplier
-6.0  6.0x multiplier

-wah  Enable write allocation with a 15-16 megabyte memory hole
-wcg  Enable write combining GEWBED mode
-wcs  Enable write combining SEWBED mode
-wc0  Enable write combining Strong Write Ordering mode
--------------
The config.sys line should be created as follows:

device=k6dos.sys [optional command line switches]

Here's an example line that might be inserted into the config.sys file:

    device=k6dos.sys -6.0 -wcg

The example line above sets the CPU multiplier to 6x, will enable write 
allocation automatically for the entire memory range of the computer, 
and will enable write combining GEWBED mode.

Make certain that the k6dos.sys line is the first line at the top of the
config.sys file to ensure that all will work properly, since k6dos.sys must
run before any other drivers are loaded in the config.sys file.

Default values assumed are as follows:

Default multiplier: 5.5    If you do not specify a multiplier value on the
command line, 5.5x is assumed to be the desired multiplier.

Default Write allocation mode :  The size of memory is detected by the
driver and all memory is set to use Write Allocation, use the "-wah" setting
only if you desire a hole at 15-16 meg in memory for write allocation.

Default Write Combining mode: wc0

This program will work ONLY with k6+ CPUs, do not use it with any other CPU.


Copyright Kyle S. Brant 2001, all rights reserved. 

Commercial use and distribution of this program is strictly prohibited unless
the program was obtained via purchase of a k6+ CPU from Computer Adjusters of 
Allegan.

Use by home users or individuals in a non-commercial setting is allowed.

Duplication and reselling of this program is strictly prohibited.

mxk6opt.exe
File Size: 10 kb
File Type: exe
Download File

​This file is patched up version of the mxk6opt.exe program by (I don't know
who wrote it). Anyway it was meant for the k6-2 and k6-3 but wouldn't work
with the k6-2+ and k6-3+ because it couldn't recognise their cpuid. Anyway I
patched out the cpu identification code with a hex editor and renamed it
mxk6crck.exe. I should work exactly the same as the original mxk6opt program
but just not be fussy about what cpu model it runs on.

PS. I took a look at what this programs does and it appears to do a
combination of Write Combining enabling and EWB enabling. That is you
should get the same result as applying my k6wc.exe and setewb programs
separately. Be warned though that this one does the equivalent of "setewb 2"
which I've found can cause display anomalies on some machines. Personally I
think "setewb 1" is a much better option.

Note that this program is only compatible with k6-2(cxt), k6-3, k6-2+ and
k6-3+. Now that the cpuid has been cracked out it is your responibility to
check that you have the correct processor type.

Uart. 8/28/2000

setk6v2.zip
File Size: 156 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​***************************************************************************
AMD K6, K6-2, K6-2 CXT - Utility SetK6, c't, Andreas Stiller -- November 98
***************************************************************************

Included in this .zip file --
-----------------------------
SetK6.exe    32-Bit-Version for Win95/98 and NT
SetK6D.exe    DOS-Version
Direct95.VXD    Drivers for Win95/98
DirectNT.SYS    Drivers for NT
SetK6.txt    German Readme file
SetK6-Eng.txt    English Readme file

Overview
--------
SetK6 controls and sets the internal processor registers for Write Allocation (K6-2)
and Write Combining (only K6-2 CXT).  If the processor's BIOS is not aware and
does not correctly initialize,  the processor runs on average about five percent
more slowly than optimum.

Usage
-----
One should call SETK6 under Windows from the MSDOS Shell as a console application,
if one wants to set parameters. SETK6 can be included in autoexec.bat (DOS) or the
Windows Startup Folder (Win95/98/NT), so its executes automatically at Startup.

***************************************************************************
Setting Write Allocation on K6-2 and K6-2 CXT
***************************************************************************

Options
-------
SetK6        Setk6D without parameters outputs the current status. 
Setk6 /on    activate Write Allocation for all memory under Windows.
Setk6 /off    deactivate Write Allocation 
Setk6 /on xxM    activate the memory to xx MByte or briefly:
Setk6 xxM    with xx: in decimal with attached M, thus e.g.. set 64M

NOTE : In DOS the memory amount must be indicated! 


*********************************************************************************************
Setting Write Combining on K6-2 CXT
*********************************************************************************************

The CXT processor supports so-called Write Combining for uncached MEMORY.
Concerning this can be managed in particular faster accesses on the Linear Frame Buffer
(LFB) of the diagram card (similar to the Pentium II). for this purpose offers the K6-2 CXT
two Memory Type Range Register (MTRR), which one can adjust to the physical address position
and the size of the LFBs. setk6 gets the address position from the PCI header, however 
several resources can be entered here.

Options
------- 
setk6 /M0:LFB,xxM MTRR0            sets on the first found entry in the header with xxM as size of
                    (default 64M) on attribute WC (Write Combining) 
setk6 /M0:LFB2,xxM MTRR0        sets on the second found entry 
setk6 /M1:LFB,xxM            accordingly for MTRR1 One can explicitly indicate an attribute, 
                    e.g. setk6 / M0:LFB, 16m, wc or...,uc(UnCached) ne(No Effect)
setk6 / M0:E0000000 or / M0:3584M    In case the entries in the PCI header do not correspond to the
                     actual Framebuffer,one can instead input the adress. Note that
                    the 'M' suffix denotes a decimal number. No 'M' defaults to Hex.

setk6 / M:LFB:             Without specification of the MTRR number setk6 takes the next free MTRR thus: 
                 first free MTRR set on LFB in accordance with PCI headers with a default
                setting of 64M setk6 also outputs the comparison with/without Write Allocation
                 the filling rate (Memset) for 32 KByte a large memory area into the memory. 



 -----------------------------
| SETK6 Utility was          |
| Written by Andreas Stiller  | 
 -----------------------------

setk6v3.zip
File Size: 155 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​AMD K6, K6-2, K6-2/CXT K6-III-Utility SetK6, V3
c't, Andreas Stiller March 99
**********************************************************************
SetK6.exe  32 Bit version for Win95/98 and Win NT
SetK6D.exe DOS version
Direct95.VXD Driver for Win95/98
DirectNT.SYS Driver for NT

(V3 hats little corrections against V2, mainly the default size
of the frame buffer is changed to 16 MByte)

SetK6 controls and sets the internal processor registers for
Write Allokation and Write Combining (K6-2/CXT, K6-III only). If
the BIOS does not recognize and does not correctly
intitialize the processor, it runs about 5 % slower than necessary.

Under Windows setk6 is a consol application, which normaly
should be started from the MSDOS shell, at least if you want to
pass parameters.

SetK6, Setk6D without parameters show the actual state.


Setk6 /on  :   activates Write Allocation under Windows
        for the complete system memory
Setk6 /off :   deactivates Write Allocation
Setk6 /on:xxM: activates WA for memory until xx MByte oder
        shortform:
Setk6 xxM      with xx: decimal with suffix M means xx MByte
        i.e. setk6 64M
        (without M setk6 interpretes the number
        hexadecimal in MByte, i.e setk6 64 => setk6 100M)

under DOS you always have to specify the maximal memory !

Extension for the K6-2/CXT and K6-III

The K6-2/CXT and K6III processors support a so called Write Combining
for uncached memory. This enables a much faster access to the
linear frame buffer (LFB) of the grafic card. For this the
processor offers two Memory Type Range Registers (MTRR), where
you can program the physical address and size of the LFBs.
Modern grafic cards usually support two LFBs, one for direct
accesses and one for the hardware accelerator.

setk6 looks into the PCI header of the grafic card, where normally
these resources are stored.

setk6 /M0:LFB,xxM sets MTRR0 according to the first entry in the
    PCI header with the size xxM (default 16M) and with
    attribut WC (Write Combining)

setk6 /M1:LFB2,xxM sets MTRR1 to the second Entry


You even can specify an attribut, i.e.
setk6 /M0:LFB,16M,WC  or ...,UC (uncached) ...NE (No effect)

If the entries in the PCI header are not conform with the
real address of the framebuffer or you have other hardware with
PCI-memory, you can specify directly a wanted address (in hex):

setk6  /M0:E0000000  which is the same as  /M0:3584M

If you do not specify a Number with MTRR, setk6 looks for the
next unused MTRR:

setk6 /M:LFB : first unused MTRR is set for LFB according to the
          PCI header with default size 16M


Mostly the typical setting under Windows looks like this:

setk6 /on /M0:LFB /M1:LFB2

and so under DOS with 64 MByte memory:

setk6D /on:64M /M0:LFB /M1:LFB2

Andreas Stiller/c't March 1999


ctu.zip
File Size: 201 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​Look in the help file for additional information.

Phil: This is a really cool Windows utility. Let's you enable Write Allocation, Write Combining and other tweaks.

k6clk.zip
File Size: 114 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​Program : k6clk* sets the power-now soft-multiplier for the k6-2+ and k6-3+.

Author  : Uart.

Files : k6clk.exe,      8,336 bytes, 10-22-2000.
      : k6clkw.exe,     8,400 bytes, 10-22-2000.
      : k6clkini.com,      21 bytes, 10-22-2000.
      : k6clkwin.exe, 178,688 bytes, 10-22-2000.
      : k6ckptch.exe,  14,440 bytes, 10-22-2000.

Limitations : Probably only suitable for Dos, Win95, Win98 and 98SE.
              Don't load emm386.exe (in config.sys) if using this software.


Description :

- k6clk.exe is a stand alone DOS version of the program. It can be run
  from autoexec.bat when starting windows but can't run from within Windows.

- k6clkw.exe is a command line version of the program that can be run in
  either DOS (autoexec.bat) or in Windows. This version however is not
  "stand alone" and requires the file "k6clkini.com" to be loaded before it
  can be run.

- k6clkwin.exe is a graphical (gui) version of the program and can be run
  in Windows only. This version also requires that "k6clkini.com" be loaded
  (typically during autoexec.bat) before it can run.

- k6clkini.com is a dos mode program (eg autoexec.bat when starting windows)
  that must be run BEFORE either k6clkw.exe or k6clkwin.exe can be run.

- k6ckptch.exe is an optional patch program that allows you to change the
  IO (Input/Output) address resources used by both k6clkw and k6clkwin.
  The patch program will target the three files, k6clkini.com, k6clkw.exe
  and k6clkwin.exe. Note that the stand alone DOS version k6clk.exe does not
  require any IO resources and is not affected by this patch.

  By default the I/O address space used by these programs is 0xFFF0...0xFFFF
  That is the I/O base address is 0xFFF0. k6ckptch.exe lets you select a
  different base address if you want. Unless the default range conflicts with
  your hardware then there is no reason to run this patch.



Usage :

-  k6clk.exe
  "k6clk <mult>" (without quotes) where <mult> is a number and one of either
   2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 or 6, sets the cpu clock multiplier.

  "k6clk =" (without quotes) reports the current (soft) clock multiplier
   setting. Note that the multiplier can not be reported unless it has
   previously been software set. Initial hardware multiplier settings are
   not reported.

- k6clkini.com is run without any parameters. It is typicaly run from
  autoexec.bat at start up. It does not make any changes to the clock
  multiplier but simply enables the Power-Now hardware so that either
  k6clkw.exe and/or k6clkwin.exe can change the multiplier later.

- k6clkw.exe has identical syntax to k6clk.exe. The only difference is that
  k6clkw requires k6clkini.com to have been previously loaded and that k6clkw
  can be run from within windows.

- k6clkwin.exe launches the gui version. You may launch from a command prompt
  if you like though you would typically launch it from a windows shortcut.
  The program accepts one or two optional numerical command line parameters.

  If you specify one number such as "k6clkwin 4.5" (either in the command line
  or in the shortcut) then that number will be the highest multiplier setting
  that the gui version will allow you to select. In the above example the
  5.0", "5.5" and "6.0" radio buttons would be inactive (greyed out). This is
  useful if you wish to prevent settings that would crash your computer from
  being applied.

  If you specify two numbers in the commmand line (or shortcut) such as
  "k6clkwin 5.5 5" then the first number is treated as the maximum allowed
  multiplier value and the second parameter is the initial mulitplier value.
  In the above example the program will immediately set the multiplier to
  5.0 and also make 5.5 the highest possible setting by disabling the radio
  buttons for 6.0x.


- k6ckptch.exe
  Only run this if you have a clash with the default I/O mapping of 0xFFF0
  for the Power-Now base address.

  To run the patch simply copy the patch file (k6ckptch.exe) and the three
  target files to a single directory then run the patch program without
  any parameters. The program will prompt you for a new Base I/O address,
  patch the three target files and produce a log file (k6ckptch.log) with
  all the details. The three target files are k6clkini.com, k6clkw.exe and
  k6clkwin.exe. It is preferable to let these three be patched all at the
  same time.

  Note that the original files are not modified but a patched copy is made
  of each.


Misc Issues.

- Current multiplier reporting.
  The software can not report the current multipler value unless the current
  multiplier value was software set. If you booted with hardware selected
  multipier (as is normally the case) then the software won't initially
  be able to report the correct multipler. Once you make a software setting
  however the reporting will then be correct from then on, even if you
  exit the program and restart it (as many times as you like).

  There are three valid work arounds for this problem.

  1. Do nothing. As long as you know what's happening you can do nothing
     and just accept that the software will report the initial muliplier
     setting as 4.5x regardless of what it's true (hardware set) value is.
     The reason why it reports 4.5x is because the power-now field is set to
     zero at reset and the mult-code 000 just happens to correspond to 4.5x

 2. Alternatively you can just set the initial mult using either k6clk.exe or
    k6clkw.exe in autoexec.bat. That way when you run the software under
    windows it can report the correct mult setting even before changes are
    made.

    Be aware that if you use k6clkw.exe in autoexec.bat then it must appear
    AFTER k6clkini.com and if you use k6clk.exe then it must be run BEFORE
    k6clkini.com.  The reason for this is because the stand-alone k6clk.exe
    un-does some of the required initializations that k6clkini.com sets up.
    This is to do with opening and closing the Power-now I/O  resources as
    explained in the next section.

 3. The third option is to use a "sentinel" file to indicate to the software
    that no software multiplier has yet been set. Each of k6clk, k6clkw and
    k6clkwin test for the existence of a file called "c:\k6clk000.tmp" when
    they are invoked. If this file exists then they assume that the currently
    read multiplier is invalid. Each of the above three programs clears this
    sentinal file when an actual soft-multipier setting is made.

    If either k6clk (=) or k6clkw (=) detects the sentinal file they will
    report  "not yet set" to requests for the present multiplier setting.

    If k6clkwin detects the sentinel file it will initially leave all radio
    buttons unchecked and the bar graph empty, indicating that it does not
    yet know the multiplier setting.

    To use the sentinal file simply create the file "c:\k6clk000.tmp" from
    within autoexec.bat. For example "echo xxx > c:\k6clk000.tmp" is
    the recommended way. Note that the contents of this file are totally
    unimportant and only the presence or absence of the file is detected.
    You do not need to create this sentinel file if you don't want to, the
    program will not report any errors if it is not present.


- I/O resources issue.
  The reason why the windows versions require I/O resources is because the
  Model Specific Registers (MSR's) that access the Power-Now hardware are
  NOT accessible to programs with "normal user privileges" under windows.
  For this reason the Power-Now hardware must remain I/O mapped for the
  entire Windows session to make possible the control from normal user
  programs (instead of dedicated drivers).

  If you had a choice then you would not do it this way. Nice programs (like
  the stand-alone DOS version) close down the Power-Now I/O space when they
  are finished to guarantee that no conflict can occur (even if you have an
  actual hardware I/O device in the same address space, it's no problem).

  k6clkini.com on the other hand deliberately opens up the Power-Now I/O space
  and leaves it open so that k6clkw and k6clkwin can access it as required.

  Be aware that while this should cause absolutely no problems as long as the
  chosen I/O space (see k6ckptch) is unused, it does leave open the small
  possibility of some errant I/O writes affecting the Power-Now hardware
  and sending your cpu speed crazy-date.

k6-pro.zip
File Size: 13 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​K6-Pro User Guide
Copyright (C)1999 BlueSky Innovations LLC


NOTICE : TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAWS, UNDER 
NO CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, SHALL BLUESKY INNOVATIONS BE LIABLE 
FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR 
LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION 
AND THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE OR 
ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF BLUESKY INNOVATIONS OR ITS AUTHORIZED 
REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. In no 
event shall BLUESKY INNOVATIONS' total liability to Licensee for all damages, 
losses, and causes of action (whether in contract, tort, including negligence, 
or otherwise) exceed the amount paid by Licensee for the Software and its 
documentation.



1. What is K6-Pro?

K6-Pro is a shareware utility that enables the various optimizations of 
the AMD K6-series microprocessors. K6-Pro is loaded from config.sys when 
the PC boots and is compatible with DOS, Windows 95 and Windows 98.

If there is sufficient interest, we might also produce a version that 
resides in the Master Boot Record and which will be operating 
system-independent.


2. Do I need K6-Pro?

If you have upgraded your motherboard with an AMD K6 microprocessor and 
if your motherboard BIOS does not explicitly support the K6 processor, 
K6-Pro will provide some performance enhancements.

K6-Pro will work for the K6, K6-2 and K6-III processors. K6-Pro is more 
convenient and safer than a BIOS upgrade if you want to get the maximum 
performance out of your new processor.


3. How would I know if my BIOS supports the K6-series processors?

One way is to look at the motherboard manual. Does it mention the
kind of processors that are supported? This information may be in the
section that describes the various jumper settings of the motherboard.

If you have upgraded your BIOS, look at the release notes for mention
of support for the K6 processor.

The best way to find out is to install and run a benchmark program. If
you get some performance improvements with K6-Pro, then your BIOS
probably does not correctly initialize the K6 processor.


4. What is the Performance Gain with K6-Pro?

For testing the before and after, we used an AMD K6-III(tm)/400 and 
an AMD K6-2(tm)/400 and ran WinTune 98 4.0 under Windows 98. The bus 
speed was 66MHz, a clock multiplier of 6x was used and main memory was 
160MBytes. The motherboard used is circa-1997 and the system BIOS does 
not support the K6-2 and better processors.

Improvement with the K6-III was up to 16% for integer operations.

More information is available at our website :
    http://www.blueskyinnovations.com/k6pro.html


5. How do I use K6-Pro?

K6-Pro is loaded as a device driver.

You would put the following line in your CONFIG.SYS file:

    DEVICE=C:\K6-PRO.SYS


This assumes that K6-PRO.SYS is found in the root directory of your
C: drive.

IMPORTANT : Note that the DEVICE=... line MUST be the first line in 
the CONFIG.SYS file.

If you do not want to edit CONFIG.SYS yourself, we provide INSTALL.EXE
which creates a directory in C: drive called C:\K6-PRO. It then copies
all the necessary files into that directory and modifies CONFIG.SYS. The
original CONFIG.SYS file is changed to CONFIG.K6.


6. What if K6-Pro does not work?

Unlike a BIOS upgrade, you can undo the installation of K6-Pro.

If your PC ever becomes unstable after installing K6-Pro, reboot the
machine. Then when you see the message "Starting Windows 9x", press F8
very quickly. You will be presented with a menu. Choose "Safe mode
command prompt only".

Then copy the config.k6 file to config.sys like this:

    copy config.k6 config.sys

This will restore the original CONFIG.SYS file.


7. Where to go for help

Contact us at support@blueskyinnovations.com if you have any problems,
comments or suggestions. We try to answer all our emails.


8. How do I register K6-Pro?

K6-Pro registrations costs $10. It entitles you to free upgrades and
the removal of the nag screen.

To register, send US$10 to :
    BlueSky Innovations LLC
    2530 Berryessa Road, PWB#321
    San Jose, CA 95132
    USA

Or call     BMT Micro at 1-800-414-4268.

You can also order via the Internet at 
    htt://www.blueskyinnovations.com/orderpage.html

k6speed_4-24-01.zip
File Size: 40 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​THIS PROGRAM IS A WELL TESTED BETA, HOWEVER THERE ASRE NO GUARANTEES AS 
TO RELIABILITY OR FUNCTIONALITY. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.  THIS PROGRAM CAN 
CAUSE SYSTEM DAMAGE IF YOU OVERCLOCK YOUR CPU BEYOND THE POINT OF STABILITY.

THIS PROGRAM IS FREE, HOWEVER IF YOU WISH TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUPPORT 
OF THIS PRODUCT, OR WANT TO CONVEY YOUR APPRECIATION FOR MY EFFORTS, CONSIDER 
SENDING $2 US, OR A BRITISH POUND NOTE, OR A DEUTCHE MARK OR A SAMPLE OF 
WHATEVER YOUR COUNTRY'S CURRENCY MAY BE TO LET ME KNOW YOU APPRECIATE 
THE EFFORTS THAT WERE REQUIRED TO CREATE THIS PROGRAM, ESPECIALLY YOU 
NT/W2K USERS SINCE I HAD TO PURCHASE NT4 AND VISUAL C++ IN ORDER TO 
CREATE THE NT/W2K DRIVER.  SEE BELOW FOR ADDRESS.

Updated 4-24-01 Version 0.87

K6SPEED by Kyle Brant Software

OS Compatibility:
Version .86 and ealier only support win9x/me
Version .87 now supports win9x/me/NT4/Win2000

Provides control over software multiplier of k62+ and k63+ cpus, enable/disable write
allocation, and control of write combining modes of k6-2 CXT and k62/3+ CPUs.

Files:     K6SPEED.VXD (win9x/me driver)
    K6SPEED.SYS (nt/w2k driver)
    K6SPEED.EXE
    README.TXT  (this file)

Unzip all the files in the zip archive into a single folder of your choosing.

K6SPEED provides a programmatic interface to the bus divisor control bits
of the k62+/3+ cpu.  This program is designed to not function completely 
unless a k6-2+/3+ cpu is detected.  The cpu speed displayed is not extremely accurate
but is fairly close (more accurate speed measurement is possible but takes more time
and is not really necessary, and in reality, what's shown is actually pretty darn 
close most of the time).

Presently, K6SPEED provides a mechanism for manually changing the k6+ cpu speed
by mouse clicking on buttons labeled "Faster" and "Slower".  To prevent startup crashes,
K6SPEED will begin execution without changing your cpu speed.
When you click on FASTER or SLOWER, the multiplier will be incremented/decremented.
Trust me, if you jump to the 6x multiplier and your system is not ready for that 
(Vcore too low), you'll most likely encounter system lockups, and possibly damage 
data on your hard disk.

K6SPEED  lives in the Systray when running.  A right click on the Systray icon 
will bring up a popup menu providing access to all of the functions available.  
A left-click on the systray icon will cause the main window of K6SPEED to 
become visible.  When the main window loses focus (is not the "active 
window"), K6SPEED will hide the main window from view.

Also, note the "tool tip" text displayed when you move the mouse over the Systray icon
will display "CPU Mhz=xxx 5.5x FSB=100" or some such similar display dependent upon
your system settings.  This data is updated every time you change the multiplier and
when the program is started.

Direct access to the CPU control registers is provided via the driver K6SPEED.VXD, 
a virtual device driver necessary for access to those registers.  K6SPEED.VXD must be in the
same directory as the K6SPEED.EXE executable file.  This is the first VxD driver I've 
written, and trust me, it's not an entirely straightforward learning process, thank you
Microsoft.

A new (as of 12/15/00 version) SETTINGS dialog provides control of write allocation and
write combining settings in a convenient display.


New in 1/16/01 and 1/23/01 versions:

-----------------------
Command Line Switches:
-----------------------

-nomax    Prevents startup multiplier dialog from being displayed
-WAN    Enable Write Allocation at startup with No Hole
-WAH    Enable Write Allocation at startup with a Hole at 15-16 Mb in memory
-2.0    Startup with 2.0x multiplier
-3.0    Startup with 3.0x multiplier
-4.0    Startup with 4.0x multiplier
-4.5    Startup with 4.5x multiplier
-5.0    Startup with 5.0x multiplier
-5.5    Startup with 5.5x multiplier
-6.0    Startup with 6.0x multiplier
    (the following are new in 1/23/01 version)
-WCG    Startup with write combining/ordering mode of GEWBED
-WCS    Startup with Write combining/ordering mode of SEWBED
-WC0    Startup with Strong Write ordering (no write combining)
-EXIT    Causes Program to exit after attending to any other command line switch options

All command line switches work under NT/w2k as well as win9x/me

New in 4/24/01 0.87 version:

NT/W2K support via driver named k6speed.sys.
Faster operation using -exit command line switch (k6speed skips cpu speed measurement 
code since you aren't going to see it anyway).

NT/W2K Notes:
-------------

Extract all the files (keep them together) to a folder and run K6speed as
Administrator to install the driver/service. Thereafter, you can run k6speed
as a lesser privileged user.

Do NOT try to manually start the driver as this is unnecessary.  Do NOT move
the driver file to winnt\system32\drivers directory as k6speed installs the
driver and runs it from the directory where k6speed.exe is located.  Thus,
if you move k6speed.sys, you will have to reinstall the driver or edit the
registry and update the path to the driver in accordance with the new location
of the driver k6speed.sys.

K6speed Driver installation is automatically accomplished by running the
program as Administrator.  NT and W2k will create some registry entries for
the driver under the key HKLM\system\currentcontrolset\services\k6speed, 
this is unavoidable

UnInstalling the  executable and driver: Exit k6speed if it is running,
uninstall the old driver by editing the registry and removing HKLM\system\currentcontrolset\services\k6speed key and
its subkeys and rebooting.  

Updating K6speed:  Remove the driver as described above then copy over the 
old files and run k6speed as Admin. to install the newer driver file.


End objective of this program, as it develops, is to hook the APM system in win9x/me
and slow down the cpu during non-use of the system.  In particular, where one has a 
laptop capable of running the k62+/3+ cpu, power saving can be achieved by
taking advantage of the ability to slow down the cpu into a lower energy 
consuming state (note, this functionality is still under development).

Check back at the web site http://msnhomepages.talkcity.com/cerfst/kylesb/k6speed.htm 
often for updates.

If you have technical problems, or want to report bugs, send me an email at:
kyle_brant@msn.com.

If you want to make a token contribution to the support of good free software,
send it to:

KYLE BRANT SOFTWARE
5441 FENMORE ROAD
INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46228
USA

Last updated 4/24/01 

k6waon.zip
File Size: 7 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

​IMPORTANT NOTE: These are "real mode" programs, to be run from Autoexec.bat.
                They will not run if you have "device=emm386.exe" in Config.sys.

Files    : k6waon.exe,    4,272 bytes (7-21-2000)
         : k6waonh.exe,   4,480 bytes (9-02-2000)

Author   : Uart

Function : Turns Write allocation On for k6-2(cxt), k6-3, k6-2+, k6-3+
           k6waon does NOT leave a "hole" in the address space at 15..16M.
           k6waonh leaves a hole in the 15-16M region and is only needed
           if you have some IO device that maps to this region.
           MOST PEOPLE DO NOT NEED TO USE k6waonh and should just use k6waon.

Usage    : k6waon(h) <mem_size_in_MB>

Examples : k6waon 128   ; Turns on W/A for 128MB of memory (no 15..16M hole).
         : k6waon 0     ; Disables W/A
         : k6waonh 64   ; Turns on W/A for 64MB memory (with hole at 15..16M).
         : k6waonh 0    ; Disables W/A


Notes:

    - Must be run from DOS or from Autoexec.bat in the case of win95/98/98SE

    - This version is very basic. It doesn't identify the processor and it
      is therefore the users responsibility to check they have the correct
      cpu type. The target cpu's are,
      k6-3   All versions,
      k6-2+  All versions,
      k6-3+  All versions,
      k6-2   cxt versions. 

      If you have a standard k6-2 (not a k6-2+) and are unsure as to
      whether or not it is a cxt version then read the following.
      All k6-2's rated at 400MHz or faster are cxt types. Many 300MHz
      to 380MHz chips are also cxt. If the stepping is 8 or higher
      then your k6-2 is a cxt type. (NB: Some cpuid programs report
     steppings 10..15 as 'A'..'F' respectively).


    - This program was written because the commonly used setk6 utility
      currently doesn't work with k6-2+ and k6-3+ processors.

k6wc.zip
File Size: 17 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

Program:  k6wc.exe

Author:   Uart

Function: Enables one or two Wite Combining memory range for any of
          k6-2(cxt core), k6-3, k6-2+ or k6-3+ cpu's.

OS:       DOS, Win95/98/98SE. Should be run from autoexec.bat with no protected
          mode drivers loaded. Won't run if emm386.exe is loaded.

Usage:    "k6wc.exe  WC_Range_Base_Address_in_Hex  WC_Range_Size_in_Mbytes" or
          "k6wc.exe Hex_Address1  MB_size1  Hex_Address2  MB_size2"
        

Example1: "k6wc.exe e0000000 16"  ;(without quotes) enables Write Combining
          for a 16 Mbytes range at starting at hex address 0xE0000000.

Example2: "k6wc.exe e0000000 16 e4000000 16"  ; Enables write combining for
          one 16MB range starting at hex address 0xE0000000 and for another
          16MB range starting at hex address 0xE4000000

Example3: "k6wc.exe 0 0 0 0"   ;Disable all write combining.


Notes:  1.Get the program "setk6.exe" if you don't know what base address
          (LFB) to use. Run setk6.exe with no parameters and observe the
          locations it reports for the pci frame buffers. Use these for the
          hex address parameters

        2.If you don't know many megabytes to use for the size parameters
          then 16 is a good default value.


​About this file :
This is a supplement to the k6wc.exe readme file and relates to modifications
made to the new k6wcx.exe program. Please read the k6wc.exe documentation in
the file "readme.txt" first.

Summary:
k6wcx.exe is basically the same as k6wc.exe except that you specify the
size of the write combining ranges in 128KB blocks instead of whole megbytes.
It is particularly useful for enabling write combining for your legacy VGA
memory (see the last FAQ).


FAQ:
Q. Why are 2 programs (k6wc.exe and k6wcx.exe) needed to enable write combining?

A. They aren't both needed. You can use either. k6wc.exe is the original
   program and I simply added one new feature to k6wcx.exe. I left k6wc.exe
   as it was because for some people the original program will be easier to use.


Q. So how is k6wcx.exe different from k6wc.exe?

A. Very simply, k6wcx.exe expects the size of the wite combining range to be
   specified in 128K blocks (one eigth of a megaybte blocks) rather than in
   whole megabytes as was the case with k6wc.exe. Apart from how you specify
   the size of the write combining range the two programs are identical.
   
   For example the commands,
    "k6wc e8000000 4 ec000000 8"
   and
    "k6wcx e8000000 32 ec000000 64"
   would both do exactly the same job. They would both enable one 4MB write
   combining range starting at address e8000000 and another 8MB write combining
   range starting at address ec000000.


Q. Why would you use k6wcx.exe instead of k6wc.exe?

A. If you want to enable a fractional megabyte write combining range.
   For most "linear frame buffers" (pci frame buffers) this is not needed.
   One particular case where k6wcx is useful however is for enabling
   write conbining on the "legacy" VGA memory. This is a 128KB range starting
   at address A0000 (000A0000). For example on my computer I only have the one
   pci frame buffer (at address E0000000). The AMD k6-2/3 provide for two write
   combining ranges, so I make use of the second available write combining range
   by enabling write combining on the legacy VGA memory. So in my autoexec.bat
   file I have the following command (without the quotes),
   "k6wcx e0000000 128 a0000 1".
   This sets up one 16MB (128/8 MB) range at address e0000000 and another
   128KB (1/8 MB) range at a0000.

setewb.zip
File Size: 4 kb
File Type: zip
Download File

Program    : SETEWB.EXE
Programmer : Uart
Size       : 4.000kB
Function   : Enables extended write merge buffering for the k6-2/3 cxt core.
Limitations: Won't run in protected mode (ie win95/98 etc). Must be run from
             either DOS (eg "Restart the computer in MSDOS mode") or from
             Autoexec.bat (which is processed before Windows switches to
             protected mode).

             Only for k6-2 cxt or k6-3. Doesn't test for cpu type, will
             probably give an error if run on other cpu type (un-tested
             on other cpu's).

Usage :
  setewb  : Reads and displays current EWB mode if run without parameters.
  setewb 0: Sets the EWB mode to "Full write ordering". (Slowest)
  setewb 1: Sets the EWB mode to "Partial write ordering. (Close to fastest)
  setewb 2: Sets the EWB mode to "No write ordering". (Fastest).
  setewb x: Any parameter other than 0,1 or 2 invokes help.


Descript: The k6-2 (cxt) and k6-3 implement a "write merge buffer" for
          write-combining. The function of this can be enhanced by
          relaxing the strict write ordering normally placed between
          internal and external write events.

          At power up the default mode is 0 which forces strict write
          ordering for all memory ranges.

          Mode 1 relaxes the write ordering only on the write combine space.

          Mode 2 relaxes write ordering on all memory space.

          I recommend that this program is used in conjuntion with setk6 to
          enable write combining and a suitable EWB mode. If your EWB setting
          has any adverse effect on system stability then select a lower mode.
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